These materials and techniques were refashioned for the Southern California housing boom in the 1970s, as seen in the Mission Viejo model home photograph - and, as the final photograph shows, on a much smaller scale in elementary school classrooms each year, as California students research and recreate the missions.All our best resources about the Spanish missions in California. Spanish tile roofs, arched walkways, and interior courtyards are the foundation of all mission-style architecture. Today, mission architectural styles influence modern structures throughout California. In the early 20th century, a Native American band and assimilated Native American children were photographed alongside Mission San Diego a mother and daughter enjoyed the courtyard fountain of Mission Santa Barbara later in the century and Mission Dolores Park provided housing for refugees after the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco. Photographs show that the missions have become a crucial link to California’s past, and continued to serve changing communities. Community members of all ages joined in the rededication ceremony that followed. For instance, the 1930 photograph of the heavily scaffolded facade of Mission San Diego demonstrates the community restoration efforts to save the main entrance. Although several missions decayed beyond repair, many continue to be restored by the communities that have evolved alongside them. Several images show mission buildings crumbling or overgrown with vegetation by the late 19th century. ![]() Without this captive labor, many missions did not survive. With Mexico’s independence and decision to secularize the missions, Native Americans were released from previous arrangements made with the Spanish religious authority. ![]() His burial site at Mission Carmel continued to be a veneration site long after his death in 1784, as we see in the photographs of soldiers and people surrounding his grave in 1882.Įarly sketches of mission life, such as the image of dancing Native Americans at Mission San Francisco de Assisi (later Mission Dolores) and the scene of the same mission’s outbuildings, show the missions as a living place where different groups interacted to create the mission community.Ĭoerced Native American labor was crucial to the construction and survival of each mission. Serra, a politically powerful Franciscan priest, personally founded ine missions, expanding the system into Alta California.įather Serra performed thousands of Native American baptisms. This mission system was established in the late 18th century, largely under the guidance of Father Junipero Serra. Spain’s 21 California missions stretched along the El Camino Real route linking San Diego to Sonoma. OverviewĮstablishing religious authority to convert Native Californians to Catholicism was central to Spanish colonization. The missions mark California’s Spanish colonial past, and remain today as sites for community gatherings and heritage. Some show the types of people who would have lived in or visited the missions. ![]() These images of the California missions show the transformation of the mission structures over the past two centuries.
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